Financing
Social Development
The Need for
Domestic Resource Mobilization
Besides needing financial assistance and loans from international sources, low- and middle-income countries will need their own domestic resource mobilization; which means raising and directing more of the countrys own public money to fund their public services and sustainable development goals, especially in the sectors of water, agriculture, energy, health, education, infrastructure, climate resilience, and environmental protection.
This will require fair and effective tax systems, stronger public finance and national investment, national development banks, a socially and environmentally dedicated Sovereign Wealth Fund, and stronger stakeholder participation in SDG planning and monitoring.
1. Build Fair and Effective Tax Systems
- Broaden the tax base without overburdening poor households.
- Reduce wasteful tax exemptions, loopholes, and special privileges.
- Improve tax collection through better administration and digital systems.
- Reduce tax evasion, corruption, and illicit financial flows.
- Use progressive taxation where possible, so higher-income groups contribute fairly.
- Direct new public revenue toward clear social, environmental, and development priorities.
2. Strengthen Public Finance and National Investment
- Link national budgets directly to SDG and development goals.
- Create clear public investment plans for water, energy, infrastructure, health, education, cities, and climate resilience.
- Strengthen national development banks to finance long-term public-interest projects.
- Use public funds to attract responsible private investment where appropriate.
- Support local governments with funding for basic services and infrastructure.
- Track whether public spending reaches the communities and sectors most in need.
3. Create a Sovereign Wealth Fund
- Create a national public investment fund for long-term social, economic, environmental, and climate-development goals.
- Fund it with a fixed share of national resource income, such as oil, gas, minerals, forests, fisheries, land leases, water-use fees, or carbon-credit revenues.
- Add other public income when available, such as budget surpluses, state-owned company profits, public-asset income, special environmental taxes, or pollution fines.
- Allow voluntary national investment, such as citizen bonds, diaspora bonds, or green/SDG bonds, but only with clear repayment rules and public oversight.
- Invest fund money in water, clean energy, infrastructure, health, education, climate resilience, ecosystem restoration, and future job creation.
- Establish clear rules for what money goes into the fund, when money can be taken out, and what public purposes it can support.
- Protect the fund from corruption, private capture, political misuse, and short-term election spending.
- Require public reporting, independent oversight, and long-term planning so national wealth benefits present and future generations.
4. Improve Accountability and Public Participation
- Include civil society, local governments, communities, youth, women, workers, SMEs, and vulnerable groups in planning.
- Make budgets, contracts, tax policies, and public investments more transparent.
- Create public monitoring systems to track spending and results.
- Use better data to identify needs, measure progress, and prevent waste.
- Strengthen anti-corruption institutions and public oversight.
- Make domestic resource mobilization a public trust system, not only a revenue system.